Rhinitis refers to inflammation of the lining inside the nose, leading to symptoms such as sneezing, congestion, runny nose, postnasal drip, and itching. There are two broad categories: allergic rhinitis, triggered by exposure to allergens like pollen, dust mites, mold, or animal dander; and non-allergic rhinitis, which causes similar symptoms but is not driven by the immune system. Non-allergic rhinitis may be triggered by strong odors, smoke, weather changes, infections, or certain medications.
Evaluation includes a medical history, physical exam, and skin prick testing to identify the presence of environmental allergies. Treatment depends on the type and severity of symptoms and may include intranasal corticosteroid sprays (Flonase, Nasacort, etc.), non-sedating antihistamines (Zyrtec, Allegra, etc.), nasal saline rinses, and avoidance of known triggers. For persistent allergic symptoms, allergen immunotherapy (allergy shots) can modify the immune response over time and provide significant long-term relief. Most patients can achieve good control of symptoms with a tailored treatment plan.
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