Stinging insect allergy occurs when the immune system has an allergic reaction to venom from insects such as bees, wasps, hornets, yellow jackets, or fire ants. Most people have a normal reaction to a sting, which includes brief pain, redness, and swelling at the sting site. Some people develop a large local reaction, with more extensive swelling that can last several days. In others, stings can cause a systemic (whole-body) allergic reaction, which may include hives, swelling, trouble breathing, dizziness, nausea, or a sudden drop in blood pressure. Severe systemic reactions, also called anaphylaxis, can be life-threatening and require immediate medical attention.
To evaluate a possible stinging insect allergy, your care team will review the details of past sting reactions and may recommend allergy testing. This can include skin testing or blood tests to look for sensitivity to specific insect venoms. Treatment depends on the type and severity of reaction. Options may include education on sting avoidance, medications such as antihistamines for mild reactions, and prescribing epinephrine for those at risk of severe reactions. For some patients, venom immunotherapy (allergy shots) can be recommended to greatly reduce the risk of serious reactions from future stings.
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