Contact dermatitis is a skin reaction that occurs when the skin comes into contact with something that causes irritation or triggers an allergic response. It leads to redness, itching, rash, or blisters, usually in areas directly exposed to the substance. There are two main types: irritant contact dermatitis, caused by harsh substances like soaps or chemicals, and allergic contact dermatitis, which occurs when the immune system reacts to things such as metals, fragrances, topical medications, or plants like poison ivy.
Evaluation often begins with a careful history and exam to identify possible triggers. When the cause is unclear, patch testing may be recommended to help determine which allergens are responsible. Treatment focuses on avoiding the identified trigger when possible, using gentle skin care, and reducing inflammation with topical medications. For more severe or persistent cases, additional treatments or referral to additional specialists may be needed. Most patients improve significantly once triggers are identified and avoided.
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